Cardanol (3-pentadecenyl-phenol), a well-known non-edible natural oil obtained as a by-product of the Cashew Industry, represents a valid alternative to petro-based derivatives, thanks to its peculiar chemical structure. When selected as polymer building block in the synthesis of epoxy curing agents or polyols and diols for polyurethane applications, cardanol can impart unique benefits, like chemical resistance, hydrolytic stability, thermal resistance and balanced mechanical properties. Once used in polyurethane prepolymers, it demonstrates various benefits, including favorable and easily tunable deblocking conditions, lower viscosity of resulting NCO-blocked prepolymers and excellent storage stability in comparison to commonly used phenolic compounds (phenol, nonylphenol, in particular). In this paper, novel cardanol-based fully cycloaliphatic derivatives (e.g. cyclohexanol, oxime, lactam-types) will be presented, investigating their use as innovative isocyanate protective groups with faster reactivity and lower deblocking temperatures than petro-derived benchmarks.

Education in India, especially the Engineering Education is facing a lot of disinterest and disruptions. Further, the onset of Covid-19 pandemic has greatly affected the quality of education and revolutionized the entire method of teaching, learning, assessment and examination system in our nation. For the last one year, there is an almost absence of face-to-face teaching, there are no proper practical classes or hands-on practice or project work either in the laboratory or in industry. Everything has turned out to be online, virtual, simulation, etc. But the efficiency and effectiveness of involving both the students and teachers in the online/virtual classes/teams is a big challenge. In such circumstances, the question about the quality of education and the graduates is a pertinent one as some industries resorted to conduct additional tests to double-check the quality of the final year students or graduates appearing in placement interviews. So many people involved in technical education, are very much concerned about the quality of engineering education. The author defines the quality of engineering education and its variation in the present context. He describes the role of Management, Governing body, Academic leadership and Faculty members in academic and overall quality of engineering education. The author strongly recommends the use of TQM principles to make the institutions to be holistic, transparent and purposeful. The paper also describes the use of ICT tools and techniques to enhance the involvement of the learners and teachers. The ICT tools and techniques will cater to a wide range of learners to learn at their own pace. The TQM principles and ICT tools are also used for the measurement and improvement of quality of online education.

Justicia Adhatoda is one of the medicinal plant native to Asia that is widely used in antidiabetic, anti inflammatory, antibacterial properties, treatment of cough and other respiratory ailments. In the present study, few steps procedure method was used to extract the major compound in the leaves.From the leaf extracts, phytochemical tests, measurement of antioxidant activity andantibacterial activities were studied. The results showed that the ethanol leaf extracts contains Phenols, Flavonoids, Tannis, Alkaloids and Saponins. The antioxidant activitywas evaluated in-vitro by radical scavenging DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 method and the disc diffusion method was employed for the antibacterial study on Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, E.coli using chloramphinicol antibiotic as standard. Antibacterial screening showed that the maximum zone of inhibition for ethanolic extract against E.Coli is around 1.35 cm.

In this paper, we introduce an approach to increase density of field-effect transistors framework instrumentation amplifier input bias circuitry. Framework the approach, we consider the manufacturing of inverter in heterostructure with specific configuration. Several required areas of the heterostructure should be doped by diffusion or ion implantation. Moreover, do pant and radiation defects should by annealed framework by optimized scheme. We also consider an approach to decrease value of mismatch-induced stress in the considered heterostructure. We introduce an analytical approach to analyze mass and heat transport in heterostructures during manufacturing of integrated circuits with account mismatch-induced stress.

In this paper, we introduce a new class of intuitionistic fuzzy ideal open sets in intuitionistic fuzzy ideal topological spaces; intuitionistic fuzzy-I-open set and intuitionistic fuzzy semi-I-open set and given a decomposition of fuzzy continuity.

In microwave rotational spectroscopy, absorption spectra arise from molecular rotation and correspond to transitions between the rotational energy levels associated with a given vibrational state of a particular electronic state. The rotational transitions, which fall in the microwave region, are induced through the interaction of the molecular electric dipole with the electric vector of the radiation. The microwave region extends roughly from?10?^2 µm to ?10?^4 µm. The article explains the pure rotational absorption spectra of diatomic molecules such as HCl, HBr, HI, CO, … etc. In order to explain the absorption spectra, diatomic molecules are treated as rigid rotor and non-rigid rotor.

Hydrogels are widely used in biomedical area of research. Hydrogels are usually used in fabrication of contact lenses, hygiene products, biosensors, wound dressings, and tissue engineering applications. The polymer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) based hydrogel synthesis and their use in textiles industry was also reviewed. Poly-Hema is a soft, flexible, water absorbing plastic used in making soft contact lenses. HEMA is a clear liquid compound obtained by reacting methacrylic acid with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. HEMA and polymer hydrogel filler are used for soft tissue reconstruction by facile polymerization. The synthesis of random copolymer including HEMA through free radical polymerization is also reviewed. Polymeric fillers are widely used as an alternative for breast reconstruction materials. This review focuses on recent advancements in several types of biomedical hydrogels including conductive hydrogels, injectable, responsive, nanocomposite hydrogels, etc. Thermo responsive hydrogels use temperature as external stimulus to show sol-gel transition and they can form hydrogel around the body temperature. Textile based transdermal therapy is currently being applied using drug loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel. Hydrogels made by natural and synthetic polymers for textile based transdermal treatments are mentioned.

Supply-Demand mismatch is a continuous challenge among suppliers creating poor customer service levels and often leading to higher costs to the entire supply chain, to meet the demands of the customer. This paper will highlight demand-supply mismatch issues between a steel supplier having supply issues with one of its premier automobile customers due to difficulties in forecasting the appropriate demand from the customer. The outcome of the original research was developing a framework for an integrated planning process that overlooks the entire demand planning and management of the customer, in addition to emphasizing the application of demand profiling that enabled to build a novel future state inventory model. In the context of the work published here, an enabler and inhibitor analysis was conducted, that studies the structure and processes within and between firms, to identify any business implications that may affect the demand-supply mismatch.

Ammonium persulphate (APS) has been used as efficient initiator for graft copolymerization of the aniline (ANI) onto chitosan at 25±0.1°C. Graft copolymerization of ANI onto chitosan has taken place through the cation radical initiation process. The grafting parameters have been evaluated by varying concentration of ANI, APS and chitosan. The effects of concentration of APS, ANI, chitosan and reaction time on graft copolymerization were studied by determining the grafting percentage (%G), grafting efficiency (%E) and percentage add-on. It was observed that bout rate of homopolymerization (Rh) and rate of graft coplymerization (Rg) increased with the increase in concentration of each component. On the basis of the experimental observations, initiating steps have been proposed and a suitable rate expression for graft copolymerization has been derived. Electrical conductivity of grafted polyaniline (PANI) onto chitosan (Chit-g-PANI, chitaline) was measured by the four probe method.

In the present study, we propose Hyaluronic acid - 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (HA-2DG) conjugate as a novel drug for the treatment of COVID-19. In silico molecular docking studies HA-2DG and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2DG) against four different SARS-CoV-2 viral protein (Mpro, RdRp, PLpro and S protein) revealed that HA-2DG conjugate showed better binding affinity (-6.2, -7.2, -7.0 and 6.4 Kcal/mol) with all four screened SASR-CoV-2 viral targets than the antimetabolite drug 2DG alone (-4.8, -4.9, -4.6 and 4.7 Kcal/mol) respectively. ADMET analysis of 2DG and HA-2DG revealed that HA-2DG possessed reduced toxicity than 2DG alone. The study also revealed that the HA-2DG conjugate has multiple advantages of efficient drug delivery to its CD44 variant isoform receptors of the lower respiratory tract, highest interactive binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 protein targets. Moreover, the HA-2DG drug conjugate possesses added advantages of good biodegradability, biocompatibility, no toxicity and non-immunogenicity. In conclusion, our study suggested that further in-vitro and in-vivo examination of HA-2DG drug conjugate will be useful to establish a promising early-stage antiviral drug for the novel treatment of COVID-19.

The study of atmospheric–ionospheric connections is one of the most exciting and potentially important disciplines in geophysics. Changes in the ionospheric environment might be a method for earthquake prediction. The phenomenon of lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere (LAI) coupling is a promising method for earthquake prediction. Various experiments can be used to determine the variability of the ionosphere during earthquakes. The disturbance propagates upward as an atmospheric waves, creating stress, increasing temperature, as well as upper layer disturbances. By measuring ionospheric characteristics, it is quite difficult to determine the specific influence of the major earthquake on the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC).

Calculation intensive courses lead to the need to integrate computer technology into the classroom, especially in courses such as The Refrigeration and air conditioning at then Dronacharya College of Engineering Gurugram (Haryana). Therefore the opportunity arises for the implementation of interactive tools for ease of calculations. Once the students have mastered the concepts and ability to perform the necessary manual calculations, computer programs can be used to allow the students to study more advanced topics in the material without being bogged down in the calculations. To ease the considerable calculations involved in solving vapor-compression refrigeration (VCR) cycle. This program has recently been revised to be compatible with the Microsoft Windows operating environment prevalent today in engineering software. In addition, a fourth refrigerant, R-134a, was added to account for the addition of new refrigerants in use today. Another modification made to the program was the addition of a tutorial for the thermal system analysis of a VCR cycle. This tutorial emulates the general solution methodology used in the course and reinforces the concepts with the students. The program is available via current web pages for the described course.